Which instrument of National Power focuses on deterrence and coercion through non-military means?

The instrument of National Power that focuses on deterrence and coercion through non-military means is the economic option. This approach leverages economic tools to influence the behavior of other nations, often by imposing sanctions, providing aid, or engaging in trade agreements that can compel states to align with specific goals or deter them from certain actions.

Economic power is particularly effective because it can create significant incentives or disincentives for states, impacting their decisions without the need to resort to military action. This form of power can shape international relations and influence national security strategies by affecting a nation's prosperity, stability, and ability to sustain its military capabilities.

While other instruments—such as diplomatic efforts, military posturing, or the dissemination of information—also play important roles in shaping international dynamics, the economic aspect is uniquely positioned to create direct pressure on nations, allowing for leverage and influence through financial means.