Which tools are used to translate policy and strategy into action aligned with national interests?

The correct choice is "Instruments of National Power," as they encompass the various means through which a nation can achieve its objectives and interests. The Instruments of National Power typically include diplomacy, information, military, and economics, often referred to as the DIME framework. Each of these components plays a crucial role in translating overarching policy and strategies into concrete actions that align with national interests. For instance, diplomacy may involve negotiations to build alliances, while economic tools can encompass sanctions or aid to influence behavior of other nations.

The other options, while relevant to national strategy, do not directly encapsulate the means through which policy is operationalized. Strategic Initiatives are specific actions or projects derived from broader strategies but do not inherently constitute the full array of tools available to translate those strategies into action. Policy Frameworks provide the structure for developing policies but do not serve as actionable tools themselves. National Security Strategies outline objectives and approaches but rely on the Instruments of National Power to implement and achieve those aims. Thus, the Instruments of National Power is the most comprehensive and relevant choice for translating policy and strategy into actionable steps aligned with national interests.